High SPARC Expression Starting from Dysplasia,Associated with Breast Carcinoma,Is Predictive for Bone Metastasis without Enhancement of Plasma Levels

In order to become established in the skeleton, metastatic cells disseminating from the breast carcinoma need to acquire organ-specific traits. There are no effective predictors for who will develop bone metastasis to guide long-term predictive therapy. Our purpose was to individuate events critical for bone colonization to make a molecular classification of breast carcinoma useful for bone-metastasis outcome. In dysplasia adjacent to carcinoma and in pair-matched specimens of bone metastasis we examined SPARC expression and localization as well as Endothelin 1/ET_AR signals by immunohistochemistry, and the evaluation of plasma levels of SPARC by ELISA was also performed. In patients with breast carcinoma metastasizing to bone, SPARC and Endothelin 1/ET_AR axis were highly expressed from dysplasia until bone metastasis, but the SPARC plasma level was as low as that of normal women, in contrast to patients that never develop bone metastasis, suggesting that circulating SPARC was counter adhesive. Altogether, the early identification of SPARC/Endothelin 1/ET_AR in dysplastic lesions would be important to devise therapies preventing metastasis engraftment, since often carcinoma cells spread to distant organs at the time or even before patients present with cancer.     

Material-point erosion simulation of dynamic fragmentation of metals

We present a validation assessment of the eigenerosion scheme applied in conjunction with the Optimal Transportation Meshfree (OTM) method. The assessment is based on the detonation-driven 304L steel spherical-cap fragmentation experiments of Campbell et al. (2007). Metrics used for purposes of validation include the velocity history of a witness point of the shell and the histogram of recovered fragment sizes. The results of the simulations are found to be in overall good agreement with the experimental measurements, especially when allowances are made for uncertainties in the characterization of the drive and material properties. The ability of the approach to predictively simulate exceedingly complex patterns of fracture and fragmentation under severe conditions of loading and material behavior is remarkable, especially in consideration of the simplicity of the fracture model and its implementation.     

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 72B线材在绕簧过程中发生了断裂现象。利用金相显微镜对断口附近的金相组织、非金属夹杂物和表面形貌等进行了分析。结果表明：钢丝表面有损伤，且损伤部位出现横向裂纹和形变马氏体，这是导致绕簧过程中发生断裂的主要原因。针对断裂产生的原因，提出具体的改进措施。     

硅酸盐夹杂在集装箱底侧梁脆性开裂过程中的作用

某集装箱底侧梁在正常使用过程中发生开裂,事故发生时箱内载重未超过箱体允许的承重极限。通过对开裂的底侧梁进行化学成分光谱分析、拉伸及冲击性能测试、梁正常部位及断口毗邻区域金相检验、断口分析以及夹杂物综合分析等,分析了底侧梁开裂的原因,研究并解释了夹杂物在开裂过程中所起的作用。检验及分析结果表明,底侧梁钢板强韧性低下,且表面脱碳,存在表面强度进一步低于基体的现象,在服役过程中导致裂纹易于在表面萌生。酸溶铝(Als)含量极低,这也导致钢板存在较高的韧脆转变温度,服役过程中存在较大的安全隐患。同时钢板内存在大量大尺寸的MnO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃系和CaO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃系硅酸盐塑性夹杂,该夹杂在热加工过程中被严重拉长,分布于晶界和晶内,严重破坏了钢材基体连续性,导致其强韧性低下并促进了裂纹的扩展。服役过程中底侧梁R角处作为应力集中部位首先发生开裂,进而裂纹以沿晶+穿晶解理的方式快速扩展,最终脆性开裂。     

多元合金化大断面球墨铸铁组织和性能的分析

为了提升大断面球墨铸铁综合力学性能，通过复合添加微量合金元素铜、锑、锡、钼对大断面球墨铸铁进行微合金化处理，借助金相显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及力学性能测试等手段，研究了Cu Sb Sn Mo复合微合金化大断面球墨铸铁微观组织和力学性能。结果表明，试验球墨铸铁具有良好的综合力学性能。大断面球墨铸铁中添加铜、锑、锡、钼后优化了材料的组织结构，基体组织为珠光体＋少量牛眼状铁素体；试样石墨组织细小、圆整，分布均匀。同时，合金元素的复合加入使得其抗拉强度达到800 MPa以上，硬度约为280HB，伸长率达到5%以上。拉伸断口分析表明，微合金化大断面球墨铸铁断裂模式以解理断裂为主，伴有少量的塑性变形。     

Effect of chitosan and Dysphania ambrosioides on the bone regeneration process: A randomized controlled trial in an animal model

The focus of this triple‐blind study was on evaluating the effect of chitosan combined with Dysphania ambrosioides (A) extract on the bone repair process in vivo. In total, 60 male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus) weighing between 260 and 270 g were randomly selected for this study and distributed into four groups (n = 15). Group C (chitosan), Group CA5 (chitosan + 5% of D. ambrosioides), Group CA20 (chitosan + 20% of D. ambrosioides), and Group CO (Control‐Blood clot). In each animal, bone defects measuring 2 mm in diameter were performed in both tibias for placement of the substances. After 7, 15, and 30 days, the animals were sedated and sacrificed using the cervical dislocation technique and the tissues were analyzed under optical microscope relative to the following events: inflammatory infiltrate, necrosis, osteoclasts, osteoblasts, fibroblasts, periosteal, and endosteal bone formation. The data were evaluated to verify distribution using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, and variance, using the Levene test; as distribution was not normal, data were subjected to the Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn nonparametric tests (p < .05). A significant inflammatory infiltrate was observed in Group CA5 (p = .008) in the time interval of 7 days, and in Group C at 15 (p = .009) and 30 (p = .017) days. Osteoblastic activity was more significant in Group CA20 (p = .027) compared with CA5 in the time interval of 7 days. Group CA20 demonstrated a significantly higher endosteal and periosteal bone formation value in the time interval of 7 (p = .013), 15 (p = .004), and 30 days (p = .008) compared with the other groups. The null hypothesis was refuted, bone regeneration was faster in spheres with an association of chitosan and 20% extract, and complete bone repair occurred clinically at 15 days and histologically at 30 days. The spheres proved to be a promising method for the biostimulation of alveolar bone repair and bone fractures.     

不同应力状态下的高强钢板断裂机理及预测

板料成形过程的宏观断裂行为依赖于其微观断裂机理，因此成形过程模拟中的断裂准则的准确选择对于断裂预测具有重要意义。以高强钢TRIP780板料为研究对象，设计从剪切到拉伸应力状态的五种断裂试验，结合宏观拉伸试验和扫描电子显微镜（Scanning electron microscope，SEM）分析研究不同应力状态下TRIP780板料的断裂机理，得到不同应力状态下正应力和切应力与断裂机理的关联关系，引入正应力与切应力的影响构建MMC断裂准则，应用于板料压剪应力区间的断裂行为预测。结果表明，反映断裂机理的MMC准则能适用于板料压剪和拉剪变形应力状态下断裂失效的准确预测。     

开采过程中上覆复杂急倾斜构造岩层运移规律模拟研究

为了解开采过程中，急倾斜且具有水平裂隙发育的上覆岩层运移规律和特点，使用PFC3D软件建立该条件下的岩层模型，并进行了开采过程模拟。利用PFC3D中的JSET和Bonds模拟了非连续和连续性的岩体构造形式。模拟结果表明：上覆关键层下部始终不出现拉力，而是沿着急倾斜构造面产生裂隙，同时在开采面附近上覆成层岩体构造面存在较大的剪切错动，但整体仍然稳定。对开采过程产生的岩体最大颗粒位移量和地表最大沉降量进行定量分析，分别得到了这两个变量与走向方向推进长度的多项式函数关系。定量分析也证明了与模拟过程分析类似的结果。